Ailm or Pine
Hardy survivor
Easily distinguished by the red bark of its upper branches and the grey blues and browns of its trunk, pine is also one of the most versatile and hardy of trees. At home in dry sands or moist bogs, in stormy coastlines or pastoral valleys, or even in intense cold or hot plain, pine survives in most climates and often on very poor ground.
Sun bather
However, although a tough tree, pine needs a lot of light. There are roughly a hundred species of pine, some growing at altitudes of 7,000 feet (Alps), yet in Britain pine is most typically found with birch and willow, two other pioneer trees. Like birch, it needs close symbiosis with fungi to provide itself with the minerals to survive.
Sculptured shapes
This symbiosis is reflected in where it lives, since pines vary enormously in shape. Generally, mature pines have irregular, undulating layers of branches with the top crown umbrella-like balancing the lower half of the trunk, which will be largely free of branches.
Long feet and fingers
Individual roots can reach far. Needles vary in number considerably, although Scots pine has long, paired, blue-green needles that remain on the twig for two to three years. Mature at thirty years, pine carries male and female flowers on the same tree. Small, globular cones, yellow with pollen, signifies the male flower, while female cones are pink and purple. The female flowers develop into woody pine cones and produce the seeds, and the cone often remains on the tree long after the seeds have fallen out.
Uses
Commonly used for telegraph poles, fences, general building and construction work, as well as paper and compressed boards, pine is also a source of pitch, tar, resin, turpentine, soaps and even torches (using resin and thick wood shavings). Its needles can be burnt as incense and for healing and it has countless benefits to colds, coughs, flu, sore throats, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma via inhalations, ointments, teas and baths.
Hippocrates was known to have used pine incense for healing. The uses of its buds, shoots and needles have been known for a long time to clear the head of congestion, enhance circulation and as a disinfectant, or simply for relaxing. Vapours from the resin, which can also be inhaled from the living tree, stimulate the lungs. In extreme survival conditions, the Lapps use the cambian layer as source of food. As a Bach Flower Remedy it treats guilt and self-blame, building forgiveness and strength.
One of the most common plantation trees in Europe, pine does not exhaust the light, moisture or nutrients for other trees. Left to itself, it will live to three hundred years and is home to many animals, including deer, pine martens, red squirrels, birds, mice voles, wood wasps and wood ants. pine family: pinaceae (scots pine: pinus sylvestris)